time-to-botec

command.js (70947B)

---

 const EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
 const childProcess = require('child_process');
 const path = require('path');
 const fs = require('fs');
 const process = require('process');
 
 const { Argument, humanReadableArgName } = require('./argument.js');
 const { CommanderError } = require('./error.js');
 const { Help } = require('./help.js');
 const { Option, splitOptionFlags, DualOptions } = require('./option.js');
 const { suggestSimilar } = require('./suggestSimilar');
 
 class Command extends EventEmitter {
   /**
    * Initialize a new `Command`.
    *
    * @param {string} [name]
    */
 
   constructor(name) {
     super();
     /** @type {Command[]} */
     this.commands = [];
     /** @type {Option[]} */
     this.options = [];
     this.parent = null;
     this._allowUnknownOption = false;
     this._allowExcessArguments = true;
     /** @type {Argument[]} */
     this.registeredArguments = [];
     this._args = this.registeredArguments; // deprecated old name
     /** @type {string[]} */
     this.args = []; // cli args with options removed
     this.rawArgs = [];
     this.processedArgs = []; // like .args but after custom processing and collecting variadic
     this._scriptPath = null;
     this._name = name || '';
     this._optionValues = {};
     this._optionValueSources = {}; // default, env, cli etc
     this._storeOptionsAsProperties = false;
     this._actionHandler = null;
     this._executableHandler = false;
     this._executableFile = null; // custom name for executable
     this._executableDir = null; // custom search directory for subcommands
     this._defaultCommandName = null;
     this._exitCallback = null;
     this._aliases = [];
     this._combineFlagAndOptionalValue = true;
     this._description = '';
     this._summary = '';
     this._argsDescription = undefined; // legacy
     this._enablePositionalOptions = false;
     this._passThroughOptions = false;
     this._lifeCycleHooks = {}; // a hash of arrays
     /** @type {boolean | string} */
     this._showHelpAfterError = false;
     this._showSuggestionAfterError = true;
 
     // see .configureOutput() for docs
     this._outputConfiguration = {
       writeOut: (str) => process.stdout.write(str),
       writeErr: (str) => process.stderr.write(str),
       getOutHelpWidth: () => process.stdout.isTTY ? process.stdout.columns : undefined,
       getErrHelpWidth: () => process.stderr.isTTY ? process.stderr.columns : undefined,
       outputError: (str, write) => write(str)
     };
 
     this._hidden = false;
     this._hasHelpOption = true;
     this._helpFlags = '-h, --help';
     this._helpDescription = 'display help for command';
     this._helpShortFlag = '-h';
     this._helpLongFlag = '--help';
     this._addImplicitHelpCommand = undefined; // Deliberately undefined, not decided whether true or false
     this._helpCommandName = 'help';
     this._helpCommandnameAndArgs = 'help [command]';
     this._helpCommandDescription = 'display help for command';
     this._helpConfiguration = {};
   }
 
   /**
    * Copy settings that are useful to have in common across root command and subcommands.
    *
    * (Used internally when adding a command using `.command()` so subcommands inherit parent settings.)
    *
    * @param {Command} sourceCommand
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
   copyInheritedSettings(sourceCommand) {
     this._outputConfiguration = sourceCommand._outputConfiguration;
     this._hasHelpOption = sourceCommand._hasHelpOption;
     this._helpFlags = sourceCommand._helpFlags;
     this._helpDescription = sourceCommand._helpDescription;
     this._helpShortFlag = sourceCommand._helpShortFlag;
     this._helpLongFlag = sourceCommand._helpLongFlag;
     this._helpCommandName = sourceCommand._helpCommandName;
     this._helpCommandnameAndArgs = sourceCommand._helpCommandnameAndArgs;
     this._helpCommandDescription = sourceCommand._helpCommandDescription;
     this._helpConfiguration = sourceCommand._helpConfiguration;
     this._exitCallback = sourceCommand._exitCallback;
     this._storeOptionsAsProperties = sourceCommand._storeOptionsAsProperties;
     this._combineFlagAndOptionalValue = sourceCommand._combineFlagAndOptionalValue;
     this._allowExcessArguments = sourceCommand._allowExcessArguments;
     this._enablePositionalOptions = sourceCommand._enablePositionalOptions;
     this._showHelpAfterError = sourceCommand._showHelpAfterError;
     this._showSuggestionAfterError = sourceCommand._showSuggestionAfterError;
 
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * @returns {Command[]}
    * @api private
    */
 
   _getCommandAndAncestors() {
     const result = [];
     for (let command = this; command; command = command.parent) {
       result.push(command);
     }
     return result;
   }
 
   /**
    * Define a command.
    *
    * There are two styles of command: pay attention to where to put the description.
    *
    * @example
    * // Command implemented using action handler (description is supplied separately to `.command`)
    * program
    *   .command('clone <source> [destination]')
    *   .description('clone a repository into a newly created directory')
    *   .action((source, destination) => {
    *     console.log('clone command called');
    *   });
    *
    * // Command implemented using separate executable file (description is second parameter to `.command`)
    * program
    *   .command('start <service>', 'start named service')
    *   .command('stop [service]', 'stop named service, or all if no name supplied');
    *
    * @param {string} nameAndArgs - command name and arguments, args are `<required>` or `[optional]` and last may also be `variadic...`
    * @param {Object|string} [actionOptsOrExecDesc] - configuration options (for action), or description (for executable)
    * @param {Object} [execOpts] - configuration options (for executable)
    * @return {Command} returns new command for action handler, or `this` for executable command
    */
 
   command(nameAndArgs, actionOptsOrExecDesc, execOpts) {
     let desc = actionOptsOrExecDesc;
     let opts = execOpts;
     if (typeof desc === 'object' && desc !== null) {
       opts = desc;
       desc = null;
     }
     opts = opts || {};
     const [, name, args] = nameAndArgs.match(/([^ ]+) *(.*)/);
 
     const cmd = this.createCommand(name);
     if (desc) {
       cmd.description(desc);
       cmd._executableHandler = true;
     }
     if (opts.isDefault) this._defaultCommandName = cmd._name;
     cmd._hidden = !!(opts.noHelp || opts.hidden); // noHelp is deprecated old name for hidden
     cmd._executableFile = opts.executableFile || null; // Custom name for executable file, set missing to null to match constructor
     if (args) cmd.arguments(args);
     this.commands.push(cmd);
     cmd.parent = this;
     cmd.copyInheritedSettings(this);
 
     if (desc) return this;
     return cmd;
   }
 
   /**
    * Factory routine to create a new unattached command.
    *
    * See .command() for creating an attached subcommand, which uses this routine to
    * create the command. You can override createCommand to customise subcommands.
    *
    * @param {string} [name]
    * @return {Command} new command
    */
 
   createCommand(name) {
     return new Command(name);
   }
 
   /**
    * You can customise the help with a subclass of Help by overriding createHelp,
    * or by overriding Help properties using configureHelp().
    *
    * @return {Help}
    */
 
   createHelp() {
     return Object.assign(new Help(), this.configureHelp());
   }
 
   /**
    * You can customise the help by overriding Help properties using configureHelp(),
    * or with a subclass of Help by overriding createHelp().
    *
    * @param {Object} [configuration] - configuration options
    * @return {Command|Object} `this` command for chaining, or stored configuration
    */
 
   configureHelp(configuration) {
     if (configuration === undefined) return this._helpConfiguration;
 
     this._helpConfiguration = configuration;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * The default output goes to stdout and stderr. You can customise this for special
    * applications. You can also customise the display of errors by overriding outputError.
    *
    * The configuration properties are all functions:
    *
    *     // functions to change where being written, stdout and stderr
    *     writeOut(str)
    *     writeErr(str)
    *     // matching functions to specify width for wrapping help
    *     getOutHelpWidth()
    *     getErrHelpWidth()
    *     // functions based on what is being written out
    *     outputError(str, write) // used for displaying errors, and not used for displaying help
    *
    * @param {Object} [configuration] - configuration options
    * @return {Command|Object} `this` command for chaining, or stored configuration
    */
 
   configureOutput(configuration) {
     if (configuration === undefined) return this._outputConfiguration;
 
     Object.assign(this._outputConfiguration, configuration);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Display the help or a custom message after an error occurs.
    *
    * @param {boolean|string} [displayHelp]
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
   showHelpAfterError(displayHelp = true) {
     if (typeof displayHelp !== 'string') displayHelp = !!displayHelp;
     this._showHelpAfterError = displayHelp;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Display suggestion of similar commands for unknown commands, or options for unknown options.
    *
    * @param {boolean} [displaySuggestion]
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
   showSuggestionAfterError(displaySuggestion = true) {
     this._showSuggestionAfterError = !!displaySuggestion;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Add a prepared subcommand.
    *
    * See .command() for creating an attached subcommand which inherits settings from its parent.
    *
    * @param {Command} cmd - new subcommand
    * @param {Object} [opts] - configuration options
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   addCommand(cmd, opts) {
     if (!cmd._name) {
       throw new Error(`Command passed to .addCommand() must have a name
 - specify the name in Command constructor or using .name()`);
     }
 
     opts = opts || {};
     if (opts.isDefault) this._defaultCommandName = cmd._name;
     if (opts.noHelp || opts.hidden) cmd._hidden = true; // modifying passed command due to existing implementation
 
     this.commands.push(cmd);
     cmd.parent = this;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Factory routine to create a new unattached argument.
    *
    * See .argument() for creating an attached argument, which uses this routine to
    * create the argument. You can override createArgument to return a custom argument.
    *
    * @param {string} name
    * @param {string} [description]
    * @return {Argument} new argument
    */
 
   createArgument(name, description) {
     return new Argument(name, description);
   }
 
   /**
    * Define argument syntax for command.
    *
    * The default is that the argument is required, and you can explicitly
    * indicate this with <> around the name. Put [] around the name for an optional argument.
    *
    * @example
    * program.argument('<input-file>');
    * program.argument('[output-file]');
    *
    * @param {string} name
    * @param {string} [description]
    * @param {Function|*} [fn] - custom argument processing function
    * @param {*} [defaultValue]
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
   argument(name, description, fn, defaultValue) {
     const argument = this.createArgument(name, description);
     if (typeof fn === 'function') {
       argument.default(defaultValue).argParser(fn);
     } else {
       argument.default(fn);
     }
     this.addArgument(argument);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Define argument syntax for command, adding multiple at once (without descriptions).
    *
    * See also .argument().
    *
    * @example
    * program.arguments('<cmd> [env]');
    *
    * @param {string} names
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   arguments(names) {
     names.trim().split(/ +/).forEach((detail) => {
       this.argument(detail);
     });
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Define argument syntax for command, adding a prepared argument.
    *
    * @param {Argument} argument
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
   addArgument(argument) {
     const previousArgument = this.registeredArguments.slice(-1)[0];
     if (previousArgument && previousArgument.variadic) {
       throw new Error(`only the last argument can be variadic '${previousArgument.name()}'`);
     }
     if (argument.required && argument.defaultValue !== undefined && argument.parseArg === undefined) {
       throw new Error(`a default value for a required argument is never used: '${argument.name()}'`);
     }
     this.registeredArguments.push(argument);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Override default decision whether to add implicit help command.
    *
    *    addHelpCommand() // force on
    *    addHelpCommand(false); // force off
    *    addHelpCommand('help [cmd]', 'display help for [cmd]'); // force on with custom details
    *
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   addHelpCommand(enableOrNameAndArgs, description) {
     if (enableOrNameAndArgs === false) {
       this._addImplicitHelpCommand = false;
     } else {
       this._addImplicitHelpCommand = true;
       if (typeof enableOrNameAndArgs === 'string') {
         this._helpCommandName = enableOrNameAndArgs.split(' ')[0];
         this._helpCommandnameAndArgs = enableOrNameAndArgs;
       }
       this._helpCommandDescription = description || this._helpCommandDescription;
     }
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * @return {boolean}
    * @api private
    */
 
   _hasImplicitHelpCommand() {
     if (this._addImplicitHelpCommand === undefined) {
       return this.commands.length && !this._actionHandler && !this._findCommand('help');
     }
     return this._addImplicitHelpCommand;
   }
 
   /**
    * Add hook for life cycle event.
    *
    * @param {string} event
    * @param {Function} listener
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   hook(event, listener) {
     const allowedValues = ['preSubcommand', 'preAction', 'postAction'];
     if (!allowedValues.includes(event)) {
       throw new Error(`Unexpected value for event passed to hook : '${event}'.
 Expecting one of '${allowedValues.join("', '")}'`);
     }
     if (this._lifeCycleHooks[event]) {
       this._lifeCycleHooks[event].push(listener);
     } else {
       this._lifeCycleHooks[event] = [listener];
     }
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Register callback to use as replacement for calling process.exit.
    *
    * @param {Function} [fn] optional callback which will be passed a CommanderError, defaults to throwing
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   exitOverride(fn) {
     if (fn) {
       this._exitCallback = fn;
     } else {
       this._exitCallback = (err) => {
         if (err.code !== 'commander.executeSubCommandAsync') {
           throw err;
         } else {
           // Async callback from spawn events, not useful to throw.
         }
       };
     }
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Call process.exit, and _exitCallback if defined.
    *
    * @param {number} exitCode exit code for using with process.exit
    * @param {string} code an id string representing the error
    * @param {string} message human-readable description of the error
    * @return never
    * @api private
    */
 
   _exit(exitCode, code, message) {
     if (this._exitCallback) {
       this._exitCallback(new CommanderError(exitCode, code, message));
       // Expecting this line is not reached.
     }
     process.exit(exitCode);
   }
 
   /**
    * Register callback `fn` for the command.
    *
    * @example
    * program
    *   .command('serve')
    *   .description('start service')
    *   .action(function() {
    *      // do work here
    *   });
    *
    * @param {Function} fn
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   action(fn) {
     const listener = (args) => {
       // The .action callback takes an extra parameter which is the command or options.
       const expectedArgsCount = this.registeredArguments.length;
       const actionArgs = args.slice(0, expectedArgsCount);
       if (this._storeOptionsAsProperties) {
         actionArgs[expectedArgsCount] = this; // backwards compatible "options"
       } else {
         actionArgs[expectedArgsCount] = this.opts();
       }
       actionArgs.push(this);
 
       return fn.apply(this, actionArgs);
     };
     this._actionHandler = listener;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Factory routine to create a new unattached option.
    *
    * See .option() for creating an attached option, which uses this routine to
    * create the option. You can override createOption to return a custom option.
    *
    * @param {string} flags
    * @param {string} [description]
    * @return {Option} new option
    */
 
   createOption(flags, description) {
     return new Option(flags, description);
   }
 
   /**
    * Wrap parseArgs to catch 'commander.invalidArgument'.
    *
    * @param {Option | Argument} target
    * @param {string} value
    * @param {*} previous
    * @param {string} invalidArgumentMessage
    * @api private
    */
 
   _callParseArg(target, value, previous, invalidArgumentMessage) {
     try {
       return target.parseArg(value, previous);
     } catch (err) {
       if (err.code === 'commander.invalidArgument') {
         const message = `${invalidArgumentMessage} ${err.message}`;
         this.error(message, { exitCode: err.exitCode, code: err.code });
       }
       throw err;
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Add an option.
    *
    * @param {Option} option
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
   addOption(option) {
     const oname = option.name();
     const name = option.attributeName();
 
     // store default value
     if (option.negate) {
       // --no-foo is special and defaults foo to true, unless a --foo option is already defined
       const positiveLongFlag = option.long.replace(/^--no-/, '--');
       if (!this._findOption(positiveLongFlag)) {
         this.setOptionValueWithSource(name, option.defaultValue === undefined ? true : option.defaultValue, 'default');
       }
     } else if (option.defaultValue !== undefined) {
       this.setOptionValueWithSource(name, option.defaultValue, 'default');
     }
 
     // register the option
     this.options.push(option);
 
     // handler for cli and env supplied values
     const handleOptionValue = (val, invalidValueMessage, valueSource) => {
       // val is null for optional option used without an optional-argument.
       // val is undefined for boolean and negated option.
       if (val == null && option.presetArg !== undefined) {
         val = option.presetArg;
       }
 
       // custom processing
       const oldValue = this.getOptionValue(name);
       if (val !== null && option.parseArg) {
         val = this._callParseArg(option, val, oldValue, invalidValueMessage);
       } else if (val !== null && option.variadic) {
         val = option._concatValue(val, oldValue);
       }
 
       // Fill-in appropriate missing values. Long winded but easy to follow.
       if (val == null) {
         if (option.negate) {
           val = false;
         } else if (option.isBoolean() || option.optional) {
           val = true;
         } else {
           val = ''; // not normal, parseArg might have failed or be a mock function for testing
         }
       }
       this.setOptionValueWithSource(name, val, valueSource);
     };
 
     this.on('option:' + oname, (val) => {
       const invalidValueMessage = `error: option '${option.flags}' argument '${val}' is invalid.`;
       handleOptionValue(val, invalidValueMessage, 'cli');
     });
 
     if (option.envVar) {
       this.on('optionEnv:' + oname, (val) => {
         const invalidValueMessage = `error: option '${option.flags}' value '${val}' from env '${option.envVar}' is invalid.`;
         handleOptionValue(val, invalidValueMessage, 'env');
       });
     }
 
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Internal implementation shared by .option() and .requiredOption()
    *
    * @api private
    */
   _optionEx(config, flags, description, fn, defaultValue) {
     if (typeof flags === 'object' && flags instanceof Option) {
       throw new Error('To add an Option object use addOption() instead of option() or requiredOption()');
     }
     const option = this.createOption(flags, description);
     option.makeOptionMandatory(!!config.mandatory);
     if (typeof fn === 'function') {
       option.default(defaultValue).argParser(fn);
     } else if (fn instanceof RegExp) {
       // deprecated
       const regex = fn;
       fn = (val, def) => {
         const m = regex.exec(val);
         return m ? m[0] : def;
       };
       option.default(defaultValue).argParser(fn);
     } else {
       option.default(fn);
     }
 
     return this.addOption(option);
   }
 
   /**
    * Define option with `flags`, `description`, and optional argument parsing function or `defaultValue` or both.
    *
    * The `flags` string contains the short and/or long flags, separated by comma, a pipe or space. A required
    * option-argument is indicated by `<>` and an optional option-argument by `[]`.
    *
    * See the README for more details, and see also addOption() and requiredOption().
    *
    * @example
    * program
    *     .option('-p, --pepper', 'add pepper')
    *     .option('-p, --pizza-type <TYPE>', 'type of pizza') // required option-argument
    *     .option('-c, --cheese [CHEESE]', 'add extra cheese', 'mozzarella') // optional option-argument with default
    *     .option('-t, --tip <VALUE>', 'add tip to purchase cost', parseFloat) // custom parse function
    *
    * @param {string} flags
    * @param {string} [description]
    * @param {Function|*} [parseArg] - custom option processing function or default value
    * @param {*} [defaultValue]
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   option(flags, description, parseArg, defaultValue) {
     return this._optionEx({}, flags, description, parseArg, defaultValue);
   }
 
   /**
   * Add a required option which must have a value after parsing. This usually means
   * the option must be specified on the command line. (Otherwise the same as .option().)
   *
   * The `flags` string contains the short and/or long flags, separated by comma, a pipe or space.
   *
   * @param {string} flags
   * @param {string} [description]
   * @param {Function|*} [parseArg] - custom option processing function or default value
   * @param {*} [defaultValue]
   * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
   */
 
   requiredOption(flags, description, parseArg, defaultValue) {
     return this._optionEx({ mandatory: true }, flags, description, parseArg, defaultValue);
   }
 
   /**
    * Alter parsing of short flags with optional values.
    *
    * @example
    * // for `.option('-f,--flag [value]'):
    * program.combineFlagAndOptionalValue(true);  // `-f80` is treated like `--flag=80`, this is the default behaviour
    * program.combineFlagAndOptionalValue(false) // `-fb` is treated like `-f -b`
    *
    * @param {Boolean} [combine=true] - if `true` or omitted, an optional value can be specified directly after the flag.
    */
   combineFlagAndOptionalValue(combine = true) {
     this._combineFlagAndOptionalValue = !!combine;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Allow unknown options on the command line.
    *
    * @param {Boolean} [allowUnknown=true] - if `true` or omitted, no error will be thrown
    * for unknown options.
    */
   allowUnknownOption(allowUnknown = true) {
     this._allowUnknownOption = !!allowUnknown;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Allow excess command-arguments on the command line. Pass false to make excess arguments an error.
    *
    * @param {Boolean} [allowExcess=true] - if `true` or omitted, no error will be thrown
    * for excess arguments.
    */
   allowExcessArguments(allowExcess = true) {
     this._allowExcessArguments = !!allowExcess;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Enable positional options. Positional means global options are specified before subcommands which lets
    * subcommands reuse the same option names, and also enables subcommands to turn on passThroughOptions.
    * The default behaviour is non-positional and global options may appear anywhere on the command line.
    *
    * @param {Boolean} [positional=true]
    */
   enablePositionalOptions(positional = true) {
     this._enablePositionalOptions = !!positional;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Pass through options that come after command-arguments rather than treat them as command-options,
    * so actual command-options come before command-arguments. Turning this on for a subcommand requires
    * positional options to have been enabled on the program (parent commands).
    * The default behaviour is non-positional and options may appear before or after command-arguments.
    *
    * @param {Boolean} [passThrough=true]
    * for unknown options.
    */
   passThroughOptions(passThrough = true) {
     this._passThroughOptions = !!passThrough;
     if (!!this.parent && passThrough && !this.parent._enablePositionalOptions) {
       throw new Error('passThroughOptions can not be used without turning on enablePositionalOptions for parent command(s)');
     }
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
     * Whether to store option values as properties on command object,
     * or store separately (specify false). In both cases the option values can be accessed using .opts().
     *
     * @param {boolean} [storeAsProperties=true]
     * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
     */
 
   storeOptionsAsProperties(storeAsProperties = true) {
     if (this.options.length) {
       throw new Error('call .storeOptionsAsProperties() before adding options');
     }
     // if (Object.keys(this._optionValues).length) {
     //   throw new Error('call .storeOptionsAsProperties() before setting option values');
     // }
     this._storeOptionsAsProperties = !!storeAsProperties;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Retrieve option value.
    *
    * @param {string} key
    * @return {Object} value
    */
 
   getOptionValue(key) {
     if (this._storeOptionsAsProperties) {
       return this[key];
     }
     return this._optionValues[key];
   }
 
   /**
    * Store option value.
    *
    * @param {string} key
    * @param {Object} value
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   setOptionValue(key, value) {
     return this.setOptionValueWithSource(key, value, undefined);
   }
 
   /**
     * Store option value and where the value came from.
     *
     * @param {string} key
     * @param {Object} value
     * @param {string} source - expected values are default/config/env/cli/implied
     * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
     */
 
   setOptionValueWithSource(key, value, source) {
     if (this._storeOptionsAsProperties) {
       this[key] = value;
     } else {
       this._optionValues[key] = value;
     }
     this._optionValueSources[key] = source;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
     * Get source of option value.
     * Expected values are default | config | env | cli | implied
     *
     * @param {string} key
     * @return {string}
     */
 
   getOptionValueSource(key) {
     return this._optionValueSources[key];
   }
 
   /**
     * Get source of option value. See also .optsWithGlobals().
     * Expected values are default | config | env | cli | implied
     *
     * @param {string} key
     * @return {string}
     */
 
   getOptionValueSourceWithGlobals(key) {
     // global overwrites local, like optsWithGlobals
     let source;
     this._getCommandAndAncestors().forEach((cmd) => {
       if (cmd.getOptionValueSource(key) !== undefined) {
         source = cmd.getOptionValueSource(key);
       }
     });
     return source;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get user arguments from implied or explicit arguments.
    * Side-effects: set _scriptPath if args included script. Used for default program name, and subcommand searches.
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   _prepareUserArgs(argv, parseOptions) {
     if (argv !== undefined && !Array.isArray(argv)) {
       throw new Error('first parameter to parse must be array or undefined');
     }
     parseOptions = parseOptions || {};
 
     // Default to using process.argv
     if (argv === undefined) {
       argv = process.argv;
       // @ts-ignore: unknown property
       if (process.versions && process.versions.electron) {
         parseOptions.from = 'electron';
       }
     }
     this.rawArgs = argv.slice();
 
     // make it a little easier for callers by supporting various argv conventions
     let userArgs;
     switch (parseOptions.from) {
       case undefined:
       case 'node':
         this._scriptPath = argv[1];
         userArgs = argv.slice(2);
         break;
       case 'electron':
         // @ts-ignore: unknown property
         if (process.defaultApp) {
           this._scriptPath = argv[1];
           userArgs = argv.slice(2);
         } else {
           userArgs = argv.slice(1);
         }
         break;
       case 'user':
         userArgs = argv.slice(0);
         break;
       default:
         throw new Error(`unexpected parse option { from: '${parseOptions.from}' }`);
     }
 
     // Find default name for program from arguments.
     if (!this._name && this._scriptPath) this.nameFromFilename(this._scriptPath);
     this._name = this._name || 'program';
 
     return userArgs;
   }
 
   /**
    * Parse `argv`, setting options and invoking commands when defined.
    *
    * The default expectation is that the arguments are from node and have the application as argv[0]
    * and the script being run in argv[1], with user parameters after that.
    *
    * @example
    * program.parse(process.argv);
    * program.parse(); // implicitly use process.argv and auto-detect node vs electron conventions
    * program.parse(my-args, { from: 'user' }); // just user supplied arguments, nothing special about argv[0]
    *
    * @param {string[]} [argv] - optional, defaults to process.argv
    * @param {Object} [parseOptions] - optionally specify style of options with from: node/user/electron
    * @param {string} [parseOptions.from] - where the args are from: 'node', 'user', 'electron'
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   parse(argv, parseOptions) {
     const userArgs = this._prepareUserArgs(argv, parseOptions);
     this._parseCommand([], userArgs);
 
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Parse `argv`, setting options and invoking commands when defined.
    *
    * Use parseAsync instead of parse if any of your action handlers are async. Returns a Promise.
    *
    * The default expectation is that the arguments are from node and have the application as argv[0]
    * and the script being run in argv[1], with user parameters after that.
    *
    * @example
    * await program.parseAsync(process.argv);
    * await program.parseAsync(); // implicitly use process.argv and auto-detect node vs electron conventions
    * await program.parseAsync(my-args, { from: 'user' }); // just user supplied arguments, nothing special about argv[0]
    *
    * @param {string[]} [argv]
    * @param {Object} [parseOptions]
    * @param {string} parseOptions.from - where the args are from: 'node', 'user', 'electron'
    * @return {Promise}
    */
 
   async parseAsync(argv, parseOptions) {
     const userArgs = this._prepareUserArgs(argv, parseOptions);
     await this._parseCommand([], userArgs);
 
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Execute a sub-command executable.
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   _executeSubCommand(subcommand, args) {
     args = args.slice();
     let launchWithNode = false; // Use node for source targets so do not need to get permissions correct, and on Windows.
     const sourceExt = ['.js', '.ts', '.tsx', '.mjs', '.cjs'];
 
     function findFile(baseDir, baseName) {
       // Look for specified file
       const localBin = path.resolve(baseDir, baseName);
       if (fs.existsSync(localBin)) return localBin;
 
       // Stop looking if candidate already has an expected extension.
       if (sourceExt.includes(path.extname(baseName))) return undefined;
 
       // Try all the extensions.
       const foundExt = sourceExt.find(ext => fs.existsSync(`${localBin}${ext}`));
       if (foundExt) return `${localBin}${foundExt}`;
 
       return undefined;
     }
 
     // Not checking for help first. Unlikely to have mandatory and executable, and can't robustly test for help flags in external command.
     this._checkForMissingMandatoryOptions();
     this._checkForConflictingOptions();
 
     // executableFile and executableDir might be full path, or just a name
     let executableFile = subcommand._executableFile || `${this._name}-${subcommand._name}`;
     let executableDir = this._executableDir || '';
     if (this._scriptPath) {
       let resolvedScriptPath; // resolve possible symlink for installed npm binary
       try {
         resolvedScriptPath = fs.realpathSync(this._scriptPath);
       } catch (err) {
         resolvedScriptPath = this._scriptPath;
       }
       executableDir = path.resolve(path.dirname(resolvedScriptPath), executableDir);
     }
 
     // Look for a local file in preference to a command in PATH.
     if (executableDir) {
       let localFile = findFile(executableDir, executableFile);
 
       // Legacy search using prefix of script name instead of command name
       if (!localFile && !subcommand._executableFile && this._scriptPath) {
         const legacyName = path.basename(this._scriptPath, path.extname(this._scriptPath));
         if (legacyName !== this._name) {
           localFile = findFile(executableDir, `${legacyName}-${subcommand._name}`);
         }
       }
       executableFile = localFile || executableFile;
     }
 
     launchWithNode = sourceExt.includes(path.extname(executableFile));
 
     let proc;
     if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
       if (launchWithNode) {
         args.unshift(executableFile);
         // add executable arguments to spawn
         args = incrementNodeInspectorPort(process.execArgv).concat(args);
 
         proc = childProcess.spawn(process.argv[0], args, { stdio: 'inherit' });
       } else {
         proc = childProcess.spawn(executableFile, args, { stdio: 'inherit' });
       }
     } else {
       args.unshift(executableFile);
       // add executable arguments to spawn
       args = incrementNodeInspectorPort(process.execArgv).concat(args);
       proc = childProcess.spawn(process.execPath, args, { stdio: 'inherit' });
     }
 
     if (!proc.killed) { // testing mainly to avoid leak warnings during unit tests with mocked spawn
       const signals = ['SIGUSR1', 'SIGUSR2', 'SIGTERM', 'SIGINT', 'SIGHUP'];
       signals.forEach((signal) => {
         // @ts-ignore
         process.on(signal, () => {
           if (proc.killed === false && proc.exitCode === null) {
             proc.kill(signal);
           }
         });
       });
     }
 
     // By default terminate process when spawned process terminates.
     // Suppressing the exit if exitCallback defined is a bit messy and of limited use, but does allow process to stay running!
     const exitCallback = this._exitCallback;
     if (!exitCallback) {
       proc.on('close', process.exit.bind(process));
     } else {
       proc.on('close', () => {
         exitCallback(new CommanderError(process.exitCode || 0, 'commander.executeSubCommandAsync', '(close)'));
       });
     }
     proc.on('error', (err) => {
       // @ts-ignore
       if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
         const executableDirMessage = executableDir
           ? `searched for local subcommand relative to directory '${executableDir}'`
           : 'no directory for search for local subcommand, use .executableDir() to supply a custom directory';
         const executableMissing = `'${executableFile}' does not exist
  - if '${subcommand._name}' is not meant to be an executable command, remove description parameter from '.command()' and use '.description()' instead
  - if the default executable name is not suitable, use the executableFile option to supply a custom name or path
  - ${executableDirMessage}`;
         throw new Error(executableMissing);
       // @ts-ignore
       } else if (err.code === 'EACCES') {
         throw new Error(`'${executableFile}' not executable`);
       }
       if (!exitCallback) {
         process.exit(1);
       } else {
         const wrappedError = new CommanderError(1, 'commander.executeSubCommandAsync', '(error)');
         wrappedError.nestedError = err;
         exitCallback(wrappedError);
       }
     });
 
     // Store the reference to the child process
     this.runningCommand = proc;
   }
 
   /**
    * @api private
    */
 
   _dispatchSubcommand(commandName, operands, unknown) {
     const subCommand = this._findCommand(commandName);
     if (!subCommand) this.help({ error: true });
 
     let promiseChain;
     promiseChain = this._chainOrCallSubCommandHook(promiseChain, subCommand, 'preSubcommand');
     promiseChain = this._chainOrCall(promiseChain, () => {
       if (subCommand._executableHandler) {
         this._executeSubCommand(subCommand, operands.concat(unknown));
       } else {
         return subCommand._parseCommand(operands, unknown);
       }
     });
     return promiseChain;
   }
 
   /**
    * Invoke help directly if possible, or dispatch if necessary.
    * e.g. help foo
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   _dispatchHelpCommand(subcommandName) {
     if (!subcommandName) {
       this.help();
     }
     const subCommand = this._findCommand(subcommandName);
     if (subCommand && !subCommand._executableHandler) {
       subCommand.help();
     }
 
     // Fallback to parsing the help flag to invoke the help.
     return this._dispatchSubcommand(subcommandName, [], [
       this._helpLongFlag || this._helpShortFlag
     ]);
   }
 
   /**
    * Check this.args against expected this.registeredArguments.
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   _checkNumberOfArguments() {
     // too few
     this.registeredArguments.forEach((arg, i) => {
       if (arg.required && this.args[i] == null) {
         this.missingArgument(arg.name());
       }
     });
     // too many
     if (this.registeredArguments.length > 0 && this.registeredArguments[this.registeredArguments.length - 1].variadic) {
       return;
     }
     if (this.args.length > this.registeredArguments.length) {
       this._excessArguments(this.args);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Process this.args using this.registeredArguments and save as this.processedArgs!
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   _processArguments() {
     const myParseArg = (argument, value, previous) => {
       // Extra processing for nice error message on parsing failure.
       let parsedValue = value;
       if (value !== null && argument.parseArg) {
         const invalidValueMessage = `error: command-argument value '${value}' is invalid for argument '${argument.name()}'.`;
         parsedValue = this._callParseArg(argument, value, previous, invalidValueMessage);
       }
       return parsedValue;
     };
 
     this._checkNumberOfArguments();
 
     const processedArgs = [];
     this.registeredArguments.forEach((declaredArg, index) => {
       let value = declaredArg.defaultValue;
       if (declaredArg.variadic) {
         // Collect together remaining arguments for passing together as an array.
         if (index < this.args.length) {
           value = this.args.slice(index);
           if (declaredArg.parseArg) {
             value = value.reduce((processed, v) => {
               return myParseArg(declaredArg, v, processed);
             }, declaredArg.defaultValue);
           }
         } else if (value === undefined) {
           value = [];
         }
       } else if (index < this.args.length) {
         value = this.args[index];
         if (declaredArg.parseArg) {
           value = myParseArg(declaredArg, value, declaredArg.defaultValue);
         }
       }
       processedArgs[index] = value;
     });
     this.processedArgs = processedArgs;
   }
 
   /**
    * Once we have a promise we chain, but call synchronously until then.
    *
    * @param {Promise|undefined} promise
    * @param {Function} fn
    * @return {Promise|undefined}
    * @api private
    */
 
   _chainOrCall(promise, fn) {
     // thenable
     if (promise && promise.then && typeof promise.then === 'function') {
       // already have a promise, chain callback
       return promise.then(() => fn());
     }
     // callback might return a promise
     return fn();
   }
 
   /**
    *
    * @param {Promise|undefined} promise
    * @param {string} event
    * @return {Promise|undefined}
    * @api private
    */
 
   _chainOrCallHooks(promise, event) {
     let result = promise;
     const hooks = [];
     this._getCommandAndAncestors()
       .reverse()
       .filter(cmd => cmd._lifeCycleHooks[event] !== undefined)
       .forEach(hookedCommand => {
         hookedCommand._lifeCycleHooks[event].forEach((callback) => {
           hooks.push({ hookedCommand, callback });
         });
       });
     if (event === 'postAction') {
       hooks.reverse();
     }
 
     hooks.forEach((hookDetail) => {
       result = this._chainOrCall(result, () => {
         return hookDetail.callback(hookDetail.hookedCommand, this);
       });
     });
     return result;
   }
 
   /**
    *
    * @param {Promise|undefined} promise
    * @param {Command} subCommand
    * @param {string} event
    * @return {Promise|undefined}
    * @api private
    */
 
   _chainOrCallSubCommandHook(promise, subCommand, event) {
     let result = promise;
     if (this._lifeCycleHooks[event] !== undefined) {
       this._lifeCycleHooks[event].forEach((hook) => {
         result = this._chainOrCall(result, () => {
           return hook(this, subCommand);
         });
       });
     }
     return result;
   }
 
   /**
    * Process arguments in context of this command.
    * Returns action result, in case it is a promise.
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   _parseCommand(operands, unknown) {
     const parsed = this.parseOptions(unknown);
     this._parseOptionsEnv(); // after cli, so parseArg not called on both cli and env
     this._parseOptionsImplied();
     operands = operands.concat(parsed.operands);
     unknown = parsed.unknown;
     this.args = operands.concat(unknown);
 
     if (operands && this._findCommand(operands[0])) {
       return this._dispatchSubcommand(operands[0], operands.slice(1), unknown);
     }
     if (this._hasImplicitHelpCommand() && operands[0] === this._helpCommandName) {
       return this._dispatchHelpCommand(operands[1]);
     }
     if (this._defaultCommandName) {
       outputHelpIfRequested(this, unknown); // Run the help for default command from parent rather than passing to default command
       return this._dispatchSubcommand(this._defaultCommandName, operands, unknown);
     }
     if (this.commands.length && this.args.length === 0 && !this._actionHandler && !this._defaultCommandName) {
       // probably missing subcommand and no handler, user needs help (and exit)
       this.help({ error: true });
     }
 
     outputHelpIfRequested(this, parsed.unknown);
     this._checkForMissingMandatoryOptions();
     this._checkForConflictingOptions();
 
     // We do not always call this check to avoid masking a "better" error, like unknown command.
     const checkForUnknownOptions = () => {
       if (parsed.unknown.length > 0) {
         this.unknownOption(parsed.unknown[0]);
       }
     };
 
     const commandEvent = `command:${this.name()}`;
     if (this._actionHandler) {
       checkForUnknownOptions();
       this._processArguments();
 
       let promiseChain;
       promiseChain = this._chainOrCallHooks(promiseChain, 'preAction');
       promiseChain = this._chainOrCall(promiseChain, () => this._actionHandler(this.processedArgs));
       if (this.parent) {
         promiseChain = this._chainOrCall(promiseChain, () => {
           this.parent.emit(commandEvent, operands, unknown); // legacy
         });
       }
       promiseChain = this._chainOrCallHooks(promiseChain, 'postAction');
       return promiseChain;
     }
     if (this.parent && this.parent.listenerCount(commandEvent)) {
       checkForUnknownOptions();
       this._processArguments();
       this.parent.emit(commandEvent, operands, unknown); // legacy
     } else if (operands.length) {
       if (this._findCommand('*')) { // legacy default command
         return this._dispatchSubcommand('*', operands, unknown);
       }
       if (this.listenerCount('command:*')) {
         // skip option check, emit event for possible misspelling suggestion
         this.emit('command:*', operands, unknown);
       } else if (this.commands.length) {
         this.unknownCommand();
       } else {
         checkForUnknownOptions();
         this._processArguments();
       }
     } else if (this.commands.length) {
       checkForUnknownOptions();
       // This command has subcommands and nothing hooked up at this level, so display help (and exit).
       this.help({ error: true });
     } else {
       checkForUnknownOptions();
       this._processArguments();
       // fall through for caller to handle after calling .parse()
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Find matching command.
    *
    * @api private
    */
   _findCommand(name) {
     if (!name) return undefined;
     return this.commands.find(cmd => cmd._name === name || cmd._aliases.includes(name));
   }
 
   /**
    * Return an option matching `arg` if any.
    *
    * @param {string} arg
    * @return {Option}
    * @api private
    */
 
   _findOption(arg) {
     return this.options.find(option => option.is(arg));
   }
 
   /**
    * Display an error message if a mandatory option does not have a value.
    * Called after checking for help flags in leaf subcommand.
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   _checkForMissingMandatoryOptions() {
     // Walk up hierarchy so can call in subcommand after checking for displaying help.
     this._getCommandAndAncestors().forEach((cmd) => {
       cmd.options.forEach((anOption) => {
         if (anOption.mandatory && (cmd.getOptionValue(anOption.attributeName()) === undefined)) {
           cmd.missingMandatoryOptionValue(anOption);
         }
       });
     });
   }
 
   /**
    * Display an error message if conflicting options are used together in this.
    *
    * @api private
    */
   _checkForConflictingLocalOptions() {
     const definedNonDefaultOptions = this.options.filter(
       (option) => {
         const optionKey = option.attributeName();
         if (this.getOptionValue(optionKey) === undefined) {
           return false;
         }
         return this.getOptionValueSource(optionKey) !== 'default';
       }
     );
 
     const optionsWithConflicting = definedNonDefaultOptions.filter(
       (option) => option.conflictsWith.length > 0
     );
 
     optionsWithConflicting.forEach((option) => {
       const conflictingAndDefined = definedNonDefaultOptions.find((defined) =>
         option.conflictsWith.includes(defined.attributeName())
       );
       if (conflictingAndDefined) {
         this._conflictingOption(option, conflictingAndDefined);
       }
     });
   }
 
   /**
    * Display an error message if conflicting options are used together.
    * Called after checking for help flags in leaf subcommand.
    *
    * @api private
    */
   _checkForConflictingOptions() {
     // Walk up hierarchy so can call in subcommand after checking for displaying help.
     this._getCommandAndAncestors().forEach((cmd) => {
       cmd._checkForConflictingLocalOptions();
     });
   }
 
   /**
    * Parse options from `argv` removing known options,
    * and return argv split into operands and unknown arguments.
    *
    * Examples:
    *
    *     argv => operands, unknown
    *     --known kkk op => [op], []
    *     op --known kkk => [op], []
    *     sub --unknown uuu op => [sub], [--unknown uuu op]
    *     sub -- --unknown uuu op => [sub --unknown uuu op], []
    *
    * @param {String[]} argv
    * @return {{operands: String[], unknown: String[]}}
    */
 
   parseOptions(argv) {
     const operands = []; // operands, not options or values
     const unknown = []; // first unknown option and remaining unknown args
     let dest = operands;
     const args = argv.slice();
 
     function maybeOption(arg) {
       return arg.length > 1 && arg[0] === '-';
     }
 
     // parse options
     let activeVariadicOption = null;
     while (args.length) {
       const arg = args.shift();
 
       // literal
       if (arg === '--') {
         if (dest === unknown) dest.push(arg);
         dest.push(...args);
         break;
       }
 
       if (activeVariadicOption && !maybeOption(arg)) {
         this.emit(`option:${activeVariadicOption.name()}`, arg);
         continue;
       }
       activeVariadicOption = null;
 
       if (maybeOption(arg)) {
         const option = this._findOption(arg);
         // recognised option, call listener to assign value with possible custom processing
         if (option) {
           if (option.required) {
             const value = args.shift();
             if (value === undefined) this.optionMissingArgument(option);
             this.emit(`option:${option.name()}`, value);
           } else if (option.optional) {
             let value = null;
             // historical behaviour is optional value is following arg unless an option
             if (args.length > 0 && !maybeOption(args[0])) {
               value = args.shift();
             }
             this.emit(`option:${option.name()}`, value);
           } else { // boolean flag
             this.emit(`option:${option.name()}`);
           }
           activeVariadicOption = option.variadic ? option : null;
           continue;
         }
       }
 
       // Look for combo options following single dash, eat first one if known.
       if (arg.length > 2 && arg[0] === '-' && arg[1] !== '-') {
         const option = this._findOption(`-${arg[1]}`);
         if (option) {
           if (option.required || (option.optional && this._combineFlagAndOptionalValue)) {
             // option with value following in same argument
             this.emit(`option:${option.name()}`, arg.slice(2));
           } else {
             // boolean option, emit and put back remainder of arg for further processing
             this.emit(`option:${option.name()}`);
             args.unshift(`-${arg.slice(2)}`);
           }
           continue;
         }
       }
 
       // Look for known long flag with value, like --foo=bar
       if (/^--[^=]+=/.test(arg)) {
         const index = arg.indexOf('=');
         const option = this._findOption(arg.slice(0, index));
         if (option && (option.required || option.optional)) {
           this.emit(`option:${option.name()}`, arg.slice(index + 1));
           continue;
         }
       }
 
       // Not a recognised option by this command.
       // Might be a command-argument, or subcommand option, or unknown option, or help command or option.
 
       // An unknown option means further arguments also classified as unknown so can be reprocessed by subcommands.
       if (maybeOption(arg)) {
         dest = unknown;
       }
 
       // If using positionalOptions, stop processing our options at subcommand.
       if ((this._enablePositionalOptions || this._passThroughOptions) && operands.length === 0 && unknown.length === 0) {
         if (this._findCommand(arg)) {
           operands.push(arg);
           if (args.length > 0) unknown.push(...args);
           break;
         } else if (arg === this._helpCommandName && this._hasImplicitHelpCommand()) {
           operands.push(arg);
           if (args.length > 0) operands.push(...args);
           break;
         } else if (this._defaultCommandName) {
           unknown.push(arg);
           if (args.length > 0) unknown.push(...args);
           break;
         }
       }
 
       // If using passThroughOptions, stop processing options at first command-argument.
       if (this._passThroughOptions) {
         dest.push(arg);
         if (args.length > 0) dest.push(...args);
         break;
       }
 
       // add arg
       dest.push(arg);
     }
 
     return { operands, unknown };
   }
 
   /**
    * Return an object containing local option values as key-value pairs.
    *
    * @return {Object}
    */
   opts() {
     if (this._storeOptionsAsProperties) {
       // Preserve original behaviour so backwards compatible when still using properties
       const result = {};
       const len = this.options.length;
 
       for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         const key = this.options[i].attributeName();
         result[key] = key === this._versionOptionName ? this._version : this[key];
       }
       return result;
     }
 
     return this._optionValues;
   }
 
   /**
    * Return an object containing merged local and global option values as key-value pairs.
    *
    * @return {Object}
    */
   optsWithGlobals() {
     // globals overwrite locals
     return this._getCommandAndAncestors().reduce(
       (combinedOptions, cmd) => Object.assign(combinedOptions, cmd.opts()),
       {}
     );
   }
 
   /**
    * Display error message and exit (or call exitOverride).
    *
    * @param {string} message
    * @param {Object} [errorOptions]
    * @param {string} [errorOptions.code] - an id string representing the error
    * @param {number} [errorOptions.exitCode] - used with process.exit
    */
   error(message, errorOptions) {
     // output handling
     this._outputConfiguration.outputError(`${message}\n`, this._outputConfiguration.writeErr);
     if (typeof this._showHelpAfterError === 'string') {
       this._outputConfiguration.writeErr(`${this._showHelpAfterError}\n`);
     } else if (this._showHelpAfterError) {
       this._outputConfiguration.writeErr('\n');
       this.outputHelp({ error: true });
     }
 
     // exit handling
     const config = errorOptions || {};
     const exitCode = config.exitCode || 1;
     const code = config.code || 'commander.error';
     this._exit(exitCode, code, message);
   }
 
   /**
    * Apply any option related environment variables, if option does
    * not have a value from cli or client code.
    *
    * @api private
    */
   _parseOptionsEnv() {
     this.options.forEach((option) => {
       if (option.envVar && option.envVar in process.env) {
         const optionKey = option.attributeName();
         // Priority check. Do not overwrite cli or options from unknown source (client-code).
         if (this.getOptionValue(optionKey) === undefined || ['default', 'config', 'env'].includes(this.getOptionValueSource(optionKey))) {
           if (option.required || option.optional) { // option can take a value
             // keep very simple, optional always takes value
             this.emit(`optionEnv:${option.name()}`, process.env[option.envVar]);
           } else { // boolean
             // keep very simple, only care that envVar defined and not the value
             this.emit(`optionEnv:${option.name()}`);
           }
         }
       }
     });
   }
 
   /**
    * Apply any implied option values, if option is undefined or default value.
    *
    * @api private
    */
   _parseOptionsImplied() {
     const dualHelper = new DualOptions(this.options);
     const hasCustomOptionValue = (optionKey) => {
       return this.getOptionValue(optionKey) !== undefined && !['default', 'implied'].includes(this.getOptionValueSource(optionKey));
     };
     this.options
       .filter(option => (option.implied !== undefined) &&
         hasCustomOptionValue(option.attributeName()) &&
         dualHelper.valueFromOption(this.getOptionValue(option.attributeName()), option))
       .forEach((option) => {
         Object.keys(option.implied)
           .filter(impliedKey => !hasCustomOptionValue(impliedKey))
           .forEach(impliedKey => {
             this.setOptionValueWithSource(impliedKey, option.implied[impliedKey], 'implied');
           });
       });
   }
 
   /**
    * Argument `name` is missing.
    *
    * @param {string} name
    * @api private
    */
 
   missingArgument(name) {
     const message = `error: missing required argument '${name}'`;
     this.error(message, { code: 'commander.missingArgument' });
   }
 
   /**
    * `Option` is missing an argument.
    *
    * @param {Option} option
    * @api private
    */
 
   optionMissingArgument(option) {
     const message = `error: option '${option.flags}' argument missing`;
     this.error(message, { code: 'commander.optionMissingArgument' });
   }
 
   /**
    * `Option` does not have a value, and is a mandatory option.
    *
    * @param {Option} option
    * @api private
    */
 
   missingMandatoryOptionValue(option) {
     const message = `error: required option '${option.flags}' not specified`;
     this.error(message, { code: 'commander.missingMandatoryOptionValue' });
   }
 
   /**
    * `Option` conflicts with another option.
    *
    * @param {Option} option
    * @param {Option} conflictingOption
    * @api private
    */
   _conflictingOption(option, conflictingOption) {
     // The calling code does not know whether a negated option is the source of the
     // value, so do some work to take an educated guess.
     const findBestOptionFromValue = (option) => {
       const optionKey = option.attributeName();
       const optionValue = this.getOptionValue(optionKey);
       const negativeOption = this.options.find(target => target.negate && optionKey === target.attributeName());
       const positiveOption = this.options.find(target => !target.negate && optionKey === target.attributeName());
       if (negativeOption && (
         (negativeOption.presetArg === undefined && optionValue === false) ||
         (negativeOption.presetArg !== undefined && optionValue === negativeOption.presetArg)
       )) {
         return negativeOption;
       }
       return positiveOption || option;
     };
 
     const getErrorMessage = (option) => {
       const bestOption = findBestOptionFromValue(option);
       const optionKey = bestOption.attributeName();
       const source = this.getOptionValueSource(optionKey);
       if (source === 'env') {
         return `environment variable '${bestOption.envVar}'`;
       }
       return `option '${bestOption.flags}'`;
     };
 
     const message = `error: ${getErrorMessage(option)} cannot be used with ${getErrorMessage(conflictingOption)}`;
     this.error(message, { code: 'commander.conflictingOption' });
   }
 
   /**
    * Unknown option `flag`.
    *
    * @param {string} flag
    * @api private
    */
 
   unknownOption(flag) {
     if (this._allowUnknownOption) return;
     let suggestion = '';
 
     if (flag.startsWith('--') && this._showSuggestionAfterError) {
       // Looping to pick up the global options too
       let candidateFlags = [];
       let command = this;
       do {
         const moreFlags = command.createHelp().visibleOptions(command)
           .filter(option => option.long)
           .map(option => option.long);
         candidateFlags = candidateFlags.concat(moreFlags);
         command = command.parent;
       } while (command && !command._enablePositionalOptions);
       suggestion = suggestSimilar(flag, candidateFlags);
     }
 
     const message = `error: unknown option '${flag}'${suggestion}`;
     this.error(message, { code: 'commander.unknownOption' });
   }
 
   /**
    * Excess arguments, more than expected.
    *
    * @param {string[]} receivedArgs
    * @api private
    */
 
   _excessArguments(receivedArgs) {
     if (this._allowExcessArguments) return;
 
     const expected = this.registeredArguments.length;
     const s = (expected === 1) ? '' : 's';
     const forSubcommand = this.parent ? ` for '${this.name()}'` : '';
     const message = `error: too many arguments${forSubcommand}. Expected ${expected} argument${s} but got ${receivedArgs.length}.`;
     this.error(message, { code: 'commander.excessArguments' });
   }
 
   /**
    * Unknown command.
    *
    * @api private
    */
 
   unknownCommand() {
     const unknownName = this.args[0];
     let suggestion = '';
 
     if (this._showSuggestionAfterError) {
       const candidateNames = [];
       this.createHelp().visibleCommands(this).forEach((command) => {
         candidateNames.push(command.name());
         // just visible alias
         if (command.alias()) candidateNames.push(command.alias());
       });
       suggestion = suggestSimilar(unknownName, candidateNames);
     }
 
     const message = `error: unknown command '${unknownName}'${suggestion}`;
     this.error(message, { code: 'commander.unknownCommand' });
   }
 
   /**
    * Get or set the program version.
    *
    * This method auto-registers the "-V, --version" option which will print the version number.
    *
    * You can optionally supply the flags and description to override the defaults.
    *
    * @param {string} [str]
    * @param {string} [flags]
    * @param {string} [description]
    * @return {this | string | undefined} `this` command for chaining, or version string if no arguments
    */
 
   version(str, flags, description) {
     if (str === undefined) return this._version;
     this._version = str;
     flags = flags || '-V, --version';
     description = description || 'output the version number';
     const versionOption = this.createOption(flags, description);
     this._versionOptionName = versionOption.attributeName(); // [sic] not defined in constructor, partly legacy, partly only needed at root
     this.options.push(versionOption);
     this.on('option:' + versionOption.name(), () => {
       this._outputConfiguration.writeOut(`${str}\n`);
       this._exit(0, 'commander.version', str);
     });
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set the description.
    *
    * @param {string} [str]
    * @param {Object} [argsDescription]
    * @return {string|Command}
    */
   description(str, argsDescription) {
     if (str === undefined && argsDescription === undefined) return this._description;
     this._description = str;
     if (argsDescription) {
       this._argsDescription = argsDescription;
     }
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set the summary. Used when listed as subcommand of parent.
    *
    * @param {string} [str]
    * @return {string|Command}
    */
   summary(str) {
     if (str === undefined) return this._summary;
     this._summary = str;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set an alias for the command.
    *
    * You may call more than once to add multiple aliases. Only the first alias is shown in the auto-generated help.
    *
    * @param {string} [alias]
    * @return {string|Command}
    */
 
   alias(alias) {
     if (alias === undefined) return this._aliases[0]; // just return first, for backwards compatibility
 
     /** @type {Command} */
     let command = this;
     if (this.commands.length !== 0 && this.commands[this.commands.length - 1]._executableHandler) {
       // assume adding alias for last added executable subcommand, rather than this
       command = this.commands[this.commands.length - 1];
     }
 
     if (alias === command._name) throw new Error('Command alias can\'t be the same as its name');
 
     command._aliases.push(alias);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set aliases for the command.
    *
    * Only the first alias is shown in the auto-generated help.
    *
    * @param {string[]} [aliases]
    * @return {string[]|Command}
    */
 
   aliases(aliases) {
     // Getter for the array of aliases is the main reason for having aliases() in addition to alias().
     if (aliases === undefined) return this._aliases;
 
     aliases.forEach((alias) => this.alias(alias));
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set / get the command usage `str`.
    *
    * @param {string} [str]
    * @return {String|Command}
    */
 
   usage(str) {
     if (str === undefined) {
       if (this._usage) return this._usage;
 
       const args = this.registeredArguments.map((arg) => {
         return humanReadableArgName(arg);
       });
       return [].concat(
         (this.options.length || this._hasHelpOption ? '[options]' : []),
         (this.commands.length ? '[command]' : []),
         (this.registeredArguments.length ? args : [])
       ).join(' ');
     }
 
     this._usage = str;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get or set the name of the command.
    *
    * @param {string} [str]
    * @return {string|Command}
    */
 
   name(str) {
     if (str === undefined) return this._name;
     this._name = str;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Set the name of the command from script filename, such as process.argv[1],
    * or require.main.filename, or __filename.
    *
    * (Used internally and public although not documented in README.)
    *
    * @example
    * program.nameFromFilename(require.main.filename);
    *
    * @param {string} filename
    * @return {Command}
    */
 
   nameFromFilename(filename) {
     this._name = path.basename(filename, path.extname(filename));
 
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get or set the directory for searching for executable subcommands of this command.
    *
    * @example
    * program.executableDir(__dirname);
    * // or
    * program.executableDir('subcommands');
    *
    * @param {string} [path]
    * @return {string|null|Command}
    */
 
   executableDir(path) {
     if (path === undefined) return this._executableDir;
     this._executableDir = path;
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Return program help documentation.
    *
    * @param {{ error: boolean }} [contextOptions] - pass {error:true} to wrap for stderr instead of stdout
    * @return {string}
    */
 
   helpInformation(contextOptions) {
     const helper = this.createHelp();
     if (helper.helpWidth === undefined) {
       helper.helpWidth = (contextOptions && contextOptions.error) ? this._outputConfiguration.getErrHelpWidth() : this._outputConfiguration.getOutHelpWidth();
     }
     return helper.formatHelp(this, helper);
   }
 
   /**
    * @api private
    */
 
   _getHelpContext(contextOptions) {
     contextOptions = contextOptions || {};
     const context = { error: !!contextOptions.error };
     let write;
     if (context.error) {
       write = (arg) => this._outputConfiguration.writeErr(arg);
     } else {
       write = (arg) => this._outputConfiguration.writeOut(arg);
     }
     context.write = contextOptions.write || write;
     context.command = this;
     return context;
   }
 
   /**
    * Output help information for this command.
    *
    * Outputs built-in help, and custom text added using `.addHelpText()`.
    *
    * @param {{ error: boolean } | Function} [contextOptions] - pass {error:true} to write to stderr instead of stdout
    */
 
   outputHelp(contextOptions) {
     let deprecatedCallback;
     if (typeof contextOptions === 'function') {
       deprecatedCallback = contextOptions;
       contextOptions = undefined;
     }
     const context = this._getHelpContext(contextOptions);
 
     this._getCommandAndAncestors().reverse().forEach(command => command.emit('beforeAllHelp', context));
     this.emit('beforeHelp', context);
 
     let helpInformation = this.helpInformation(context);
     if (deprecatedCallback) {
       helpInformation = deprecatedCallback(helpInformation);
       if (typeof helpInformation !== 'string' && !Buffer.isBuffer(helpInformation)) {
         throw new Error('outputHelp callback must return a string or a Buffer');
       }
     }
     context.write(helpInformation);
 
     if (this._helpLongFlag) {
       this.emit(this._helpLongFlag); // deprecated
     }
     this.emit('afterHelp', context);
     this._getCommandAndAncestors().forEach(command => command.emit('afterAllHelp', context));
   }
 
   /**
    * You can pass in flags and a description to override the help
    * flags and help description for your command. Pass in false to
    * disable the built-in help option.
    *
    * @param {string | boolean} [flags]
    * @param {string} [description]
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
 
   helpOption(flags, description) {
     if (typeof flags === 'boolean') {
       this._hasHelpOption = flags;
       return this;
     }
     this._helpFlags = flags || this._helpFlags;
     this._helpDescription = description || this._helpDescription;
 
     const helpFlags = splitOptionFlags(this._helpFlags);
     this._helpShortFlag = helpFlags.shortFlag;
     this._helpLongFlag = helpFlags.longFlag;
 
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Output help information and exit.
    *
    * Outputs built-in help, and custom text added using `.addHelpText()`.
    *
    * @param {{ error: boolean }} [contextOptions] - pass {error:true} to write to stderr instead of stdout
    */
 
   help(contextOptions) {
     this.outputHelp(contextOptions);
     let exitCode = process.exitCode || 0;
     if (exitCode === 0 && contextOptions && typeof contextOptions !== 'function' && contextOptions.error) {
       exitCode = 1;
     }
     // message: do not have all displayed text available so only passing placeholder.
     this._exit(exitCode, 'commander.help', '(outputHelp)');
   }
 
   /**
    * Add additional text to be displayed with the built-in help.
    *
    * Position is 'before' or 'after' to affect just this command,
    * and 'beforeAll' or 'afterAll' to affect this command and all its subcommands.
    *
    * @param {string} position - before or after built-in help
    * @param {string | Function} text - string to add, or a function returning a string
    * @return {Command} `this` command for chaining
    */
   addHelpText(position, text) {
     const allowedValues = ['beforeAll', 'before', 'after', 'afterAll'];
     if (!allowedValues.includes(position)) {
       throw new Error(`Unexpected value for position to addHelpText.
 Expecting one of '${allowedValues.join("', '")}'`);
     }
     const helpEvent = `${position}Help`;
     this.on(helpEvent, (context) => {
       let helpStr;
       if (typeof text === 'function') {
         helpStr = text({ error: context.error, command: context.command });
       } else {
         helpStr = text;
       }
       // Ignore falsy value when nothing to output.
       if (helpStr) {
         context.write(`${helpStr}\n`);
       }
     });
     return this;
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * Output help information if help flags specified
  *
  * @param {Command} cmd - command to output help for
  * @param {Array} args - array of options to search for help flags
  * @api private
  */
 
 function outputHelpIfRequested(cmd, args) {
   const helpOption = cmd._hasHelpOption && args.find(arg => arg === cmd._helpLongFlag || arg === cmd._helpShortFlag);
   if (helpOption) {
     cmd.outputHelp();
     // (Do not have all displayed text available so only passing placeholder.)
     cmd._exit(0, 'commander.helpDisplayed', '(outputHelp)');
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * Scan arguments and increment port number for inspect calls (to avoid conflicts when spawning new command).
  *
  * @param {string[]} args - array of arguments from node.execArgv
  * @returns {string[]}
  * @api private
  */
 
 function incrementNodeInspectorPort(args) {
   // Testing for these options:
   //  --inspect[=[host:]port]
   //  --inspect-brk[=[host:]port]
   //  --inspect-port=[host:]port
   return args.map((arg) => {
     if (!arg.startsWith('--inspect')) {
       return arg;
     }
     let debugOption;
     let debugHost = '127.0.0.1';
     let debugPort = '9229';
     let match;
     if ((match = arg.match(/^(--inspect(-brk)?)$/)) !== null) {
       // e.g. --inspect
       debugOption = match[1];
     } else if ((match = arg.match(/^(--inspect(-brk|-port)?)=([^:]+)$/)) !== null) {
       debugOption = match[1];
       if (/^\d+$/.test(match[3])) {
         // e.g. --inspect=1234
         debugPort = match[3];
       } else {
         // e.g. --inspect=localhost
         debugHost = match[3];
       }
     } else if ((match = arg.match(/^(--inspect(-brk|-port)?)=([^:]+):(\d+)$/)) !== null) {
       // e.g. --inspect=localhost:1234
       debugOption = match[1];
       debugHost = match[3];
       debugPort = match[4];
     }
 
     if (debugOption && debugPort !== '0') {
       return `${debugOption}=${debugHost}:${parseInt(debugPort) + 1}`;
     }
     return arg;
   });
 }
 
 exports.Command = Command;